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Infectious diseases are a large group of diseases caused by the impact on the human body of various pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic biological agents (bacteria, fungi, viruses, prions, protozoa).

Infectious diseases are practically the same thing, only the term "infectious diseases" is used in a general context, and infectious diseases in a more specific context - angina, diphtheria, etc.

Classification of infectious diseases

Infectious diseases are classified by etiology (type of pathogen), by the clinical course of the disease, by the localization of the process and the source of infection.

Depending on the type of pathogen, infectious diseases are divided into the following main groups:

• viral infections (influenza, viral hepatitis, HIV AIDS, infectious mononucleosis, herpes, chickenpox, measles);
• bacterial infections (dysentery, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, cholera, plague);
• fungal infections (candidiasis, lichen);
• infections caused by protozoa (amebiasis, giardiasis);
• prion infections (the causative agent is specific protein molecules - prions, the least studied industry to date);
• infections caused by parasites (infestations) are allocated in a separate area - parasitology. The main parasites in humans are worms (helminthiases) and ectoparasites (lice, ticks).

According to the source and place of accumulation (reservoir) of the pathogen, all infectious diseases are usually classified as follows:

• anthroponosis - only humans are the source of infection (HIV AIDS, viral hepatitis, dysentery);
• zoonoses - in this case, animals (tularemia, plague, brucellosis) are the source and natural reservoir of infection;
• sapronoses - pathogens can be found in other environmental objects, such as water, soil, air (legionellosis, gas gangrene).

The clinical classification implies the course of infectious diseases and is divided into:

• by type (typical or atypical, course uncharacteristic for this infection);
• by severity (mild, moderate and severe);
• by the duration of the process (acute, subacute and chronic infectious diseases).

Depending on the main localization and entrance gates (entrance gates are an organ or system of organs of the human body through which infection occurs), all infectious diseases are divided into main groups:

• intestinal infections (dysentery, acute intestinal infections, cholera, salmonellosis);
• respiratory infections (diphtheria, flu, tonsillitis, infectious mononucleosis);
• blood infections (malaria, typhus, relapsing fever, plague);
• external integument infections (gonorrhea, syphilis, cytomegalovirus infection, papillomatosis).

Despite the fact that with the advent of antibiotics and active immunization, most infections have been defeated or controlled, there are many infectious diseases that cannot be treated (viral hepatitis C, AIDS, prion infections).

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